Urinary and Serum Metal Levels as Indicators of Embedded Tungsten Alloy Fragments
Urinary and Serum Metal Levels as Indicators of Embedded Tungsten Alloy Fragments
Article from:Military Medicine Article date:August 1, 2008 Author:Kalinich, John F; Vergara, Vernieda B; Emond, Christy A CopyrightCopyright Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Aug 2008. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
ABSTRACT Novel metal formulations are being used with increasing frequency on the modern battlefield. In many cases the health effects of these materials are not known, especially when they are embedded as fragments. Imaging techniques, although useful for determining location, provide no information regarding the composition of embedded fragments. In this report, we show that laboratory rats implanted with weapons-grade tungsten alloy (tungsten, nickel, and cobalt) pellets demonstrate significant increases in both urinary and serum levels of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt, which indicates that such measurements can provide information on the composition of embedded fragments. We also propose ...
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